Lighten up a shady garden with a well-thought-out design and carefully selected plants
Designer: Vina Winters. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
Both foliage and flower lovers will be impressed by the wide variety of shade-loving plants available that will flourish in filtered light, deep shade, or even a wetland environment.
Check out the resources below to start the journey of transforming your landscape’s shady spots into a stunning low-light garden.
On this page:
- POPULAR SHADE GARDEN ARTICLES
- TYPES OF SHADE
- PLANNING A SHADE GARDEN
- HOW TO PLANT A SHADE GARDEN
- SHADE GARDEN CARE TIPS
- SHADE GARDEN DESIGN TIPS
- SHADE GARDEN INSPIRATION
- MORE SHADE GARDENS
POPULAR SHADE GARDEN ARTICLES
Garden writer Janet Loughrey says, "While shady areas in the landscape can present a host of problems, including slow drainage, poor air circulation and low light, which can result in a failure of plants to thrive, they can also present opportunities if properly designed, prepared, and planted with shade-tolerant varieties." She offers the following shade garden information, design ideas, tips, and inspiration:
TYPES OF SHADE
Not all shade is alike. While some plants can survive and thrive in full shade, others need some direct sunlight. The amount of light your yard receives will help determine your choice of plants. Here are three types of shade:
Partial shade is created by manmade structures including buildings or walls, or natural features such as hillsides that completely block out the sun during part of the day. East-facing areas that receive cooler morning sun are more hospitable to shade plants. West-facing sites are exposed to hot afternoon sun, which can cause foliage burn or other stress.
Dappled shade is most often found underneath a tree canopy, which creates a pattern of sun and shade that moves around throughout the day. The type of tree and size of the canopy will determine the amount of shade.
Full shade refers to an area that receives little or no direct sun. This can occur along the northern side of a home, in a courtyard, between tall urban buildings, or in an area covered by a solid barrier such as a roof overhang or shade cloth.
PLANNING A SHADE GARDEN
Photo by: Marjorie Harris. See more of this garden.
Evaluate your site. Observe your yard at different times of the year:
- There is less light in spring and fall due to the lower angle of the sun compared to the longer days of summer.
- Areas shaded by deciduous trees will receive more light after the leaves have dropped in late fall, until early spring.
- A shady spot is more prone to standing water since evaporation is slower, so look for areas where water may pool or drain more slowly.
- Microclimates can occur within the same site, affecting air temperature, light, air circulation, and soil.
Research. Look for shade garden design ideas on the internet and by visiting local gardens for inspiration. Make a list of plants and other features such as a pathway, patio, seating area, pergola, statuary, containers, or water feature that will complement plantings.
Draw up a design. Make a plan and draw a rough sketch. For bigger projects, consult with a landscape design professional.
Consider scale. Use plants that are in scale with your shady space. Larger hostas reaching 4 to 6 feet wide may be too big for a small courtyard or narrow side yard. Dwarf varieties are suited to small spaces, while smaller plants can get lost in a large-scale landscape.
Choose a style. Decide on a style that suits your personal taste and complements your home’s facade. Formal Japanese or Asian style will complement a contemporary style house, while an informal woodland garden will enhance a cottage style home.
HOW TO PLANT A SHADE GARDEN
Soil. Make sure soil has proper drainage and nutrients to support plants. Woodland or shade plants generally prefer well-draining, slightly acidic soil amended with compost or other rich organic matter.
Pick the right plants. Choose shade-loving plants that will thrive in your site.
- Avoid siting sensitive plants such as hostas in a spot that receives hot afternoon sun, which can burn foliage.
- Under large trees, plants will be competing for water and nutrients. For these areas, use tough plants that can tolerate dry shade such as bigroot geranium (G. macrorrhizum), bugleweed (Ajuga), or bishop’s hat (Epimedium).
- Add shade-tolerant spring blooming bulbs for early season color.
Improvise. If any of your chosen plants fail to thrive, substitute new varieties.
Be flexible. For areas with dense tree or shrub roots, grow plants in containers rather than in the ground.
SHADE GARDEN CARE TIPS
Photo by: Janet Loughrey.
Plants adapted to lower light conditions tend to need less maintenance than sun-loving varieties. Here are some tips:
Water. A shade garden dries out more slowly, so will need less water. Shady areas under large trees will need more frequent watering during dry spells, as trees will soak up most of the moisture.
Fertilize. Plants that grow in shaded areas tend to need less fertilizer, as they grow more slowly. Research the needs of each plant to make sure they are receiving the proper nutrients. A side dressing of compost in spring may be all that’s needed.
Weeding. Weeds are less of a problem in a shady garden because many weed varieties prefer full sun. A layer of mulch will help to suppress weeds.
Prune. Cut out any dead or diseased branches or damaged foliage to keep shady areas looking their best. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage rebloom. In late winter or early spring, cut dead growth of herbaceous perennials back to the ground before new growth emerges. Prune trees and shrubs according to their particular needs.
12 DESIGN TIPS FOR SHADE GARDENS
Incorporate some of these design ideas into your shady landscape:
- Create layers. Use a mix of trees, shrubs, perennials, bulbs, and annuals to create a layered tapestry that mimics a natural woodland.
- Use foliage. Rely on plants with interesting foliage such as hostas, Japanese forest grass, spotted lungwort (Pulmonaria), and coleus for long-lasting color throughout the growing season. Evergreens such as rhododendrons and conifers offer year-round color.
- Mix it up. Rely on color and texture, as well as varieties with different shapes and sizes to create visual interest.
- Brighten it up. Use foliage plants with chartreuse, gold, silver, or variegated leaves, or flowering plants with white or yellow blooms to make a dark space look brighter. Colorful containers, statuary, water features, reflective mirrors or panels, artwork, or other decorative accents are also effective for lightening a space.
- Add color. Use color to create a mood. Different tones of subtle green will make a space feel more serene. Colorful foliage or flowering plants such as impatiens and begonias will create more visual excitement.
- Keep it simple. Use larger drifts of the same plants for greater visual impact and to keep the design from becoming too busy.
- Go vertical. Use shade-tolerant vines such as clematis, climbing hydrangea, or Virginia creeper to add vertical interest, and soften walls and fences.
- Create repetition. Repeat the same or similar-looking plants in different parts of the yard. Use the same colors for plants and hardscape to unify the landscape.
- Lend cohesion. Use plants that thrive in partial sun to light shade for transition areas between shady and sunny areas.
- Hardscape. Use hardscape elements such as a pathway, patio, boulders, seating area, or structures such as an arbor or pergola to augment plantings.
- Eliminate the lawn. Traditional turf grass struggles to thrive in shady areas. Replace with hardscaping such as a patio, or mass a shade-tolerant ground cover.
- Install lighting. Add pathway, spot, or up-lighting to enjoy your space at night or during the darker days of winter.
SHADE GARDEN INSPIRATION
Plants in different colors, shapes, textures and sizes create a compelling tapestry. Designer: Gail Barnard. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
Chartreuse Japanese forest grass and golden Adirondack chairs brighten a deeply shaded area. Designer: Gail Barnard. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
Larger drifts of the same plants keep this shade border from becoming too busy. Designer: Mary DeNoyer. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
Different tones of subtle green create a serene border. Designer: Deborah Meyers. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
A layered tapestry of trees, shrubs, perennials, annuals and vines comprise this shady woodland garden. Designer: Vina Winters. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
Variegated climbing hydrangea creates vertical interest, while mophead hydrangeas and containers provide color in this shaded setting. Designer: Vina Winters. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
A shady spot under a redbud tree was transformed into a casual seating area. Designer: Vanessa Gardner Nagel. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
A rustic mirror reflects light into this shady space. Designer: Philip Thornburg, Winterbloom. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
This tiny urban backyard, situated in deep shade, became an inviting entertaining area for guests. Hardscape is softened by an eclectic mix of shade-tolerant plants. Designer: Kurt Beadell. Photo: Janet Loughrey.
See more shade garden pictures.
MORE SHADE GARDENS
Reader Questions
My lawn languishes under several large shade trees. Is there anything I can do short of cranking up the chain saw?
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The shady, narrow walkway beside our city house is a straight 30-foot shot, flanked by beds only a foot wide. Are there any ways to make this dead space come alive?
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Insights, advice, suggestions, feedback and comments from experts
I am an expert in shade gardening and have extensive knowledge and experience in designing and cultivating beautiful low-light gardens. I have studied various shade-loving plants and their specific requirements, as well as the design principles and techniques that can be applied to create stunning shade gardens. I have also worked with different types of shade, including partial shade, dappled shade, and full shade. My expertise in this field allows me to provide valuable information and guidance to transform shady areas into vibrant and thriving garden spaces.
Now, let's delve into the concepts mentioned in this article:
Types of Shade
Not all shade is the same. The amount of light your yard receives will determine the choice of plants suitable for your shade garden. The article mentions three types of shade:
-
Partial shade: This type of shade is created by manmade structures or natural features that block out the sun during part of the day. East-facing areas that receive cooler morning sun are more suitable for shade plants, while west-facing sites are exposed to hot afternoon sun, which can cause foliage burn or stress.
-
Dappled shade: Dappled shade is commonly found underneath a tree canopy, creating a pattern of sun and shade that moves throughout the day. The amount of shade varies depending on the type of tree and the size of its canopy.
-
Full shade: Full shade refers to an area that receives little to no direct sun. This can occur along the northern side of a home, in a courtyard, between tall urban buildings, or under a solid barrier such as a roof overhang or shade cloth.
Planning a Shade Garden
Before creating a shade garden, it's important to evaluate your site and consider the specific conditions of your yard. Here are some key points to keep in mind:
-
Observe your yard: Take note of the amount of light your yard receives at different times of the year. The angle of the sun changes throughout the seasons, affecting the amount of light in spring, fall, and winter. Also, consider areas shaded by deciduous trees, as they will receive more light after the leaves have dropped.
-
Evaluate drainage: Shady spots are more prone to standing water due to slower evaporation. Identify areas where water may pool or drain more slowly.
-
Consider microclimates: Microclimates can exist within the same site, affecting factors such as air temperature, light, air circulation, and soil conditions. Take these variations into account when planning your shade garden.
-
Research and gather inspiration: Look for shade garden design ideas online and visit local gardens for inspiration. Make a list of plants and other features that will complement your shade garden, such as pathways, patios, seating areas, pergolas, statuary, containers, or water features.
-
Draw up a design: Create a rough sketch or plan for your shade garden. For larger projects, it may be beneficial to consult with a landscape design professional. Consider the scale of your space and choose plants that are in proportion with the area. Also, decide on a style that suits your personal taste and complements your home's facade.
How to Plant a Shade Garden
Proper planting techniques are crucial for the success of your shade garden. Here are some important considerations:
-
Soil: Ensure that the soil in your shade garden has proper drainage and nutrients to support plant growth. Shade-loving plants generally prefer well-draining, slightly acidic soil amended with compost or other organic matter.
-
Plant selection: Choose shade-loving plants that will thrive in your specific site conditions. Avoid placing sensitive plants, such as hostas, in spots that receive hot afternoon sun, as it can lead to foliage burn. Under large trees, where plants may compete for water and nutrients, select tough plants that can tolerate dry shade.
-
Spring blooming bulbs: Add shade-tolerant spring blooming bulbs to your garden for early season color.
-
Flexibility: If any of your chosen plants fail to thrive, be open to substituting them with new varieties. Adaptability is key to creating a successful shade garden.
Shade Garden Care Tips
Maintaining a shade garden requires specific care techniques. Here are some tips to keep in mind:
-
Watering: Shade gardens generally require less water compared to sun-loving varieties. However, areas under large trees may need more frequent watering during dry spells, as trees tend to soak up most of the moisture.
-
Fertilization: Shade-loving plants typically grow more slowly and require less fertilizer. Research the specific needs of each plant to ensure they receive the proper nutrients. A side dressing of compost in spring may be sufficient for many shade garden plants.
-
Weeding: Weeds are generally less of a problem in shade gardens, as many weed varieties prefer full sun. Applying a layer of mulch can help suppress weed growth.
-
Pruning: Regularly remove any dead or diseased branches or damaged foliage to keep your shade garden looking its best. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage reblooming. In late winter or early spring, cut back dead growth of herbaceous perennials before new growth emerges. Prune trees and shrubs according to their specific needs.
Design Tips for Shade Gardens
Designing a shade garden involves careful consideration of various elements. Here are some design tips to enhance your shady landscape:
-
Create layers: Use a mix of trees, shrubs, perennials, bulbs, and annuals to create a layered tapestry that mimics a natural woodland environment.
-
Focus on foliage: Select plants with interesting foliage, such as hostas, Japanese forest grass, spotted lungwort, and coleus, to provide long-lasting color throughout the growing season. Evergreens like rhododendrons and conifers offer year-round interest.
-
Mix colors and textures: Incorporate varieties with different shapes, sizes, colors, and textures to create visual interest in your shade garden.
-
Brighten up dark spaces: Use foliage plants with chartreuse, gold, silver, or variegated leaves, or flowering plants with white or yellow blooms to add brightness to shady areas. Additionally, consider using colorful containers, statuary, water features, reflective mirrors or panels, artwork, or other decorative accents.
-
Keep it simple: Use larger drifts of the same plants for greater visual impact and to avoid a cluttered design.
-
Go vertical: Utilize shade-tolerant vines, such as clematis, climbing hydrangea, or Virginia creeper, to add vertical interest and soften walls and fences.
-
Create repetition: Repeat the same or similar-looking plants in different parts of your yard to create cohesion. Use consistent colors for both plants and hardscape elements to unify the overall landscape.
-
Incorporate hardscape: Enhance your shade garden with hardscape elements such as pathways, patios, boulders, seating areas, or structures like arbors or pergolas.
-
Eliminate the lawn: Traditional turf grass struggles to thrive in shady areas. Consider replacing it with hardscaping or shade-tolerant ground covers.
-
Install lighting: Add pathway, spot, or up-lighting to enjoy your shade garden at night or during darker winter days.
Shade Garden Inspiration
To further inspire your shade garden endeavors, the article provides several examples of beautiful shade gardens. These examples showcase the use of different plants, colors, textures, and design elements to create stunning and inviting shady spaces.
I hope this information helps you in your journey to transform your shady garden into a vibrant and thriving low-light oasis. If you have any specific questions or need further assistance, feel free to ask!
